What is C++ Language ?
C++ is a general-purpose object-oriented programming(OOP) language and it is also high level programming language.
Syntax for C++ :
#include<iostream.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
cout<<"Hell World";
}
Explanation :
1. iostream : It is a standard library function.
2. << : Extraction operator.
3. >> : Insertion operator.
4. using namespace std : If we once defined a std using namespace within the code then no need to write everytime.
5. endl : It is used for next line.
Explanation :
1. iostream : It is a standard library function.
2. << : Extraction operator.
3. >> : Insertion operator.
4. using namespace std : If we once defined a std using namespace within the code then no need to write everytime.
5. endl : It is used for next line.
Pros and cons of C++ :
Pros :
1. Wide support
2. Powerful
3. Speed
4. Small standard library
cons :
1. Unsafe
2. Littile memory management
3. Complicated
4. Syntatically strict
Use of C++ :
1. Windows application
2. Client-Server application
3. Embedded firmware
Use of C++ :
1. Windows application
2. Client-Server application
3. Embedded firmware
Main differenace between C & C++ :
| C | C++ |
| Scanf used for input and Printf used for output | Cin used for input and Cout used for output |
| In this varibles are declared starting of the main function its not possible to declare anywhere of the program. | The varibles are declared anywhere of the program. |
| Reusability is less. | Reusability is more. |
| In this we use memory allocation and deallocation malloc(), calloc() & free() | In this we use memory allocation and deallocation new and delete. |
| Name space feature is not supported. | Name space feature is supported. |
| C is function driven language. | C++ is objict driven language. |
| Top down approch is used in this program. | Bottom up approch is used in this program. |
| Multiple declaration of global variable is allowed. | Multiple declaration of global variable is not allowed. |
| Exception handling is not possible. | Exception handling is possible.. |
Example program to print a name :
Use of scope resolution operator(::) :
It is used to define a function outside a class or when we want to use a global variable but also has a local variable with the same name.
Ex :
To display a string :
Use of cin.get( ) function :
By using this function we eliminate the spcing in string.
To display a string :
Use of getline( ) function and string object :
string object is used to holding the strings.
Using function :
Ex :
Using single dimensional array to print strings :
Using multidimensional array :
To print numbers in ascending order :
To print numbers in descending order :
To find largest number and samllest number :
OOPS concept in C++ :
Object means real world entity. The OOPS(Object Oriented Programming Language) is a methodology to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the software development and maintenance by providing some concepts.
Class :
Class is a logical entity. It is the collection of Objects. Which is accessed by the Object.
Object :
Object is the physical entity. The main purpose of object is to access the class.
Inheritance :
